Imaging bacteria from nanometers to millimeters

This application note describes how Nanosurf’s DriveAFM and Studio enable high‑resolution atomic force microscopy imaging of bacteria across length scales ranging from nanometers to millimeters. Leveraging CleanDrive photothermal cantilever excitation and seamless integration of AFM with optical microscopy, the technique allows reliable imaging of living bacteria, including molecular‑resolution visualization of outer membrane protein trimers on single E. coli cells. In combination with automation, ViewPort integration, and large‑area image stitching, DriveAFM also supports the characterization of bacterial biofilms over millimeter‑scale areas, making it a powerful tool for studying bacterial structure, mechanics, and organization in both single cells and complex communities.
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Learning Objectives

  1. Understand Multiscale AFM Imaging of Bacteria: Learn how atomic force microscopy can be used to study bacterial structures from nanometer‑scale features on single cells to millimeter‑scale biofilms, providing insight into bacterial organization and morphology.
  2. Explore High‑Resolution and Live‑Cell AFM Techniques: Gain an understanding of how Nanosurf’s DriveAFM, CleanDrive photothermal actuation, and integrated optical microscopy enable stable, high‑resolution imaging and mechanical characterization of living bacteria, including molecular‑level features such as outer membrane proteins.
  3. Learn Large‑Area and Automated Biofilm Imaging: Discover how automation, ViewPort integration, and image stitching in Nanosurf Studio allow efficient acquisition and analysis of large‑area AFM data for studying biofilms in realistic, clinically relevant contexts.
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